This record describes multibeam echosounder data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T03, "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network" which departed Darwin on the 23 December 2019 and returned to Henderson on the 2 January 2020. The Kongsberg EM710 MKII multibeam echosounder was used to acquire seafloor bathymetry and backscatter information and watercolumn backscatter between Darwin and Henderson. The EM710 MKII provides a 0.5° by 1° transmit and receive angular resolution respectively. The echosounder's nominal frequency range is from 40 to 100 kHz. Data are stored in *.all raw format for bathymetry and backscatter and *.wcd format for watercolumn backscatter at CSIRO. There are 258 *.raw files totalling 70.4 GB and 257 *.wcd files totalling 464 GB of raw data in this dataset. Sound velocity profiles were applied to this data during data acquisition. Bathymetry data contained in *.all format are corrected for motion and position. Tide corrections were not applied to the processed data. Processed data has had outliers removed. Processed line data are available in *.gsf and ascii format, and processed bathymetry and backscatter grids in geotiff format. Additional information regarding this dataset, including further information on processing streams, is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.

This record describes multibeam echosounder data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T03, "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network" which departed Darwin on the 23 December 2019 and returned to Henderson on the 2 January 2020. The Kongsberg EM122 multibeam echosounder was used to acquire seafloor bathymetry, backscatter information and watercolumn backscatter between Darwin and Henderson. The EM122 provides a 1 degree by 1 degree angular resolution. The echosounder's nominal frequency is 12 kHz. Data are stored in *.all raw format for bathymetry and backscatter and *.wcd format for watercolumn backscatter at CSIRO. There are 17 files totalling 1.5 GB of raw data and 2.5 GB of raw watercolumn backscatter in this dataset. Sound velocity profiles were applied to this data during data acquisition. Bathymetry data contained in *.all format are corrected for motion and position. Tide corrections were not applied to the processed data. Processed data had outliers removed. Processed line data are available in *.gsf and ascii format, and processed bathymetry in geotiff format. Additional information regarding this dataset, including information on processing streams, is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.

This record describes scientific split-beam echosounder data collected on the RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T03, "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network" which departed Darwin on the 23 December 2019 and returned to Henderson on the 2 January 2020. The Simrad EK60 split beam echosounders 18, 38, 70 120, 200 and 333 kHz were used to acquire acoustic backscatter data to a range of 250-1500 m between Darwin and Henderson. All frequencies were logged continuously for the extent of the voyage. The 70kHz was set to passive for short periods of the voyage. Data are stored in *.raw, *.bot and *.idx format at CSIRO. There are 407 files totalling 39.7 GB of raw data in this dataset. No processing has been conducted on this data. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.

This record describes sub bottom profiler data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T03, "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network" which departed Darwin on the 23 December 2019 and returned to Henderson on the 2 January 2020. The Kongsberg SBP120 (sub bottom profiler) was used to acquire data containing the specular reflections at different sediment interfaces below the seafloor. The SBP120 provides a 3° by 3° angular resolution. The echosounder's frequency sweep range is from 2.5 to 7 kHz. The SBP120 was logged continuously for the extent of the voyage. Data are stored in *.raw (538 files 10.3 GB) raw and *.seg (534 files 10.2 GB) segy formats at CSIRO. The segy format data had a real time processing stream applied, which applies gain, a gain correction, matched filter with replica shaping (for linear chirp) or bandpass filter (for ricker pulse), and time variable gain. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request

This record describes gravity data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T03, "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network" which departed Darwin on the 23 December 2019 and returned to Henderson on the 2 January 2020. The gravity meter instrument is a MicroG Lacoste Air-Sea II. Data are stored in .ENV and .DAT data files at CSIRO. There are 12 files totalling 188 MB of raw data in this dataset. A wharf tie was undertaken at BAE Systems in Henderson, WA using a Scintrex Autograv CG-5. Wharf tie data can be found in Henderson_wharf_tie_in2019_t03_20200102.TXT, which is stored with the raw data. No processing has been conducted on this data. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

This record describes Hydrology (HYD) data collected from the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T03, titled: "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network." The voyage took place from from Darwin (NT) to Fremantle (WA) between December 22 2019 and January 2, 2020. Clean Scientific Seawater supply downstream from Thermosalinograph (TSG) Instrument in underway lab sampled by DAP staff. Sample salinity data used for the calibration of the TSG instrument. This dataset has been archived at the CSIRO O&A Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the Voyage Report and Data Processing Report.

This record describes the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data collected from the Marine National Facility RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T03, titled: "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network." The voyage took place between 22 December 2019 and 2nd January 2020 departing from Darwin (NT) and arriving in Fremantle (WA). Data was collected during in2019_t03 for the duration of the voyage. Data was collected using UHDAS and post-processed using CODAS. Both the RDI Ocean Surveyor 150kHz ADCP and the RDI Ocean Surveyor 75kHz ADCP were run in narrowband. Internal triggering was used. The drop keel was at 2m below the waterline for the duration of the voyage. See the voyage computing and instrumentation report for more details regarding data acquisition. This dataset was processed and then archived within the CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (O&A) Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart.

This record describes the Underway (UWY) data collected from the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator Voyage IN2019_T03, titled: "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network." The voyage took place between 22 December 2019 and 2nd January 2020 departing from Darwin (NT) and arriving in Fremantle (WA). Standard Underway data is continuously recorded, consisting of: (1) Navigation data (NAV): Latitude, Longitude, Speed, Heading, Course Over Ground, Gyros, and Doppler Log (dual GPS instrument). (2) Thermosalinograph (TSG): Water Salinity, Flow-Rate, Temperature, Fluorescence, pCO2 and Optode/Oxygen. (3) Atmospheric (MET): Humidity, Wind Speed and Direction (vane and ultrasonic), Radiometer/Sea Surface Temperature, Pyranometer/Solar Radiation, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Air Temperature, Air Pressure, Rain, Ozone and Trace Gases (port and starboard instruments). The quality-controlled RV Investigator underway meteorological and SST data are supplied to the IMOS AODN where they are publicly available at the "Ships of Opportunity" Thredds server (http://thredds.aodn.org.au/thredds/catalog/IMOS/SOOP/SOOP-ASF/VLMJ_Investigator/catalog.html) for research. From there, they are downloaded by NOAA for their In Situ Quality Monitoring web site (iQUAM2) and made available for satellite SST validation. The SBE 38 SST data are used within the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for real-time satellite SST validation and ingested into real-time SST analyses which are then used as the boundary condition for Numerical Weather Prediction models. The meteorological and SST data are uploaded onto the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) for global dissemination to Meteorological Agencies, and separately supplied to the SAMOS (http://samos.coaps.fsu.edu/html/) Project for air-sea flux research. The real-time SBE 38 SST data are currently (2017) used in the following data products (accessed via the GTS): • International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS R3.0) (http://icoads.noaa.gov/) • NOAA NCEI Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4 (ERSST.v4) (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/marineocean-data/extended-reconstructed-sea-surface-temperature-ersst-v4) • Hadley Centre SST Data Set (HadSST3) (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst3/) • Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD) Project (http://www.gosud.org/) • Bureau of Meteorology daily and weekly SST analyses (http://www.bom.gov.au/marine/sst.shtml) • NOAA NCEI “Reynolds” daily global OISST analysis (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oisst) • NASA JPL “MUR” 1 km daily global SST analysis (https://mur.jpl.nasa.gov/) • UK Met Office “OSTIA” daily global SST analysis (http://ghrsst-pp.metoffice.com/pages/latest_analysis/ostia.html) • CMC daily global SST analysis • Ourocean “G1SST” global daily 1 km SST analysis (https://ourocean.jpl.nasa.gov/SST) As part of the underway data gathering system, other datasets are produced (e.g., pCO2, ISAR SST) which are processed separately and have their own metadata records. Data are recorded at 5 second intervals. Near real-time data are available via the link "Visualisation tool for Underway Data." This dataset will be processed and archived within the CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere (O&A) Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart (TAS). Data are available at time intervals of 5 sec (NetCDF format), 10 sec and 5 min (ASCII format). Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the Voyage Summary and/or the Data Processing Report for this voyage.

This record describes the ISAR/SST Sea Surface Temperature data collected on the RV Investigator Voyages from 2014 onwards. The infrared SST autonomous radiometer (ISAR) is a self-calibrating instrument capable of measuring in situ sea surface skin temperature to an accuracy of 0.1 K. The SST Radiometer is mounted on the port bridge wing, approximately 19.593m above the summer load line. The RV Investigator ISAR skin SST data are also supplied both in real-time (http://thredds.aodn.org.au/thredds/catalog/IMOS/SOOP/SOOP-ASF/VLMJ_Investigator/meteorological_sst_observations/catalog.html) and in delayed mode after reprocessing (e.g., http://thredds.aodn.org.au/thredds/catalog/IMOS/SOOP/SOOP-ASF/VLMJ_Investigator/meteorological_sst_observations/2016/ISAR-QC/catalog.html). These reprocessed files will be particularly valuable for satellite SST validation (as the ISAR measures SST at the same depth as measured by satellites) and are currently (2017) being used by EUMETSAT for Sentinel-3 SST validation and to JMA and Oceans University China for Himawari-8 SST validation. Further information can be found in the data and documentation links below.

This record describes the End of Voyage (EOV) archive from the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator research voyage IN2019_T03, titled "ORCA: Using the Investigator radar as a moving reference for the Australian operational radar network." The voyage took place from from Darwin (NT) to Fremantle (WA) between December 22 2019 and January 2, 2020 (AEST). For further information please refer to the voyage documentation links below. Instruments used and data collected include: Regular measurements: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP; 75, 150 KHz ), Cloud Condensation Nuclei counter (CCN), Condensation Particle Counters (CPC), Disdrometer, Greenhouse Gas Analysers (Picarro), Radon and Ozone sensors, CTD, Hydrochemistry, pCO2, Fisheries echosounder (EK60), Multibeam Echosounder (EM710, EM122), Sub-bottom Profiler (SBP120), Gravimeter, GPS Positioning System, Fluorometer, Oxygen optode, Thermosalinographs (TSG), Infrared Sea Surface Temperature Autonomous Radiometer (ISAR), Multiangle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), Nephelometer, Atmospheric Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Wind and Rain sensors, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor, Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR), Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP), Starboard and Portside Radiometers, Weather Radar. Voyage-specific measurements: Sea State Cameras, Radiosondes, Micro Rain Radar (MRR), AIRBOX Radon, Mercury Analyser (Tekran), Gas Chromatograph - Electron Capture Detector (uDirac), Greenhouse Gas Analyser (Spectronus), Cloud Radar (BASTA), Cloud and Aerosol Backscatter Lidar (RMAN), Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (MAX-DOAS), mini Micro-Pulse LIDAR (miniMPL), Sonic Anemometer, EZnet, Microplastics, Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR), Wildlife observations (seabirds, cetaceans and seals). The archive for the IN2019_T03 EOV raw data is curated by the CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (O&A) Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart, with a permanent archive at the CSIRO Data Access Portal (DAP, https://data.csiro.au/dap/), providing access to participants and processors of the data collected in the voyage. All voyage documentation is available electronically to MNF support via the local network. Access to voyage documentation for non-CSIRO participants can be made via NCMI_DataLibrarians@csiro.au.